INTRODUCTION:
Sometimes some people face a lot of mood swings, which don’t seem normal because they are not. Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder in which there is a change in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder go through a lot of trauma due to their symptoms. They experience intense emotional fluctuations that occur during distinct periods of days or weeks called mood episodes. These mood episodes are recategorized as manic/hypomanic (abnormally happy or irritable mood) or depressive (sad mood). People with bipolar disorder generally have periods of a neutral mood as well. When treated, people with bipolar disorder can lead full and productive lives. Bipolar disorder is one of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. People without bipolar disorder can experience mood swings, but they aren’t that intense. Also, these changes are not usually accompanied by an extreme degree of behavior change or difficulty with daily routines. Bipolar disorder can disturb a person’s social relationships, which include relationships with loved ones and work in any social gathering.
Symptoms of Bipolar I Disorder
Manic Episode: The Manic episode will last for one week, during which people feel at the top of their lives and do everything without lowering their energy. Afterwards, they will feel the following symptoms:
A manic episode is a period of at least one week when a person is extremely high-spirited or irritable most of the day for most days, possesses more energy than usual, and experiences at least three of the following changes in behavior:
- Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feeling energetic despite significantly less sleep than usual)
- Increased or faster speech
- Uncontrollable racing thoughts or quickly changing ideas or topics when speaking
- Distractibility
- Increased activity (e.g., restlessness, working on several projects at once)
Hypomanic Episode:
This episode will affect people by making them depressed for no reason. People will feel tense and low in energy. Hypomanic symptoms won’t affect the daily mundane. The symptoms of hypomanic episodes are as follows:
- Intense sadness or despair
- Loss of interest in activities the person once enjoyed
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Fatigue
- Increased or decreased sleep
- Increased or decreased appetite
- Restlessness (e.g., pacing) or slowed speech or movement
- Difficulty concentrating
Treatment and Management:
Bipolar disorder symptoms can be improved by taking treatment. Medication will help people cure their bipolar disorder. Medicine includes mood stabilisers. There are also talk therapies that have been found to be beneficial to people with these diseases.
Bipolar Disorder II:
People with bipolar disorder II face episodes of depression and manic episodes, along with other diseases such as anxiety or substance abuse disorder.
Treatment:
Medication and psychotherapy are the most common types of treatments to cure bipolar disorder II. The most commonly used medications are mood stabilisers and antidepressants, depending on the specific symptoms.
Risk Factors:
Brain structures:
Some studies suggest that people with bipolar disorder have shown some changes in brain CT as compared to normal people. Learning about these differences may help doctors understand what kinds of changes are responsible for bipolar disorder.
Genetics:
People with a family history of bipolar disorder are at higher risk of developing this disease than those who don’t have a family history. This thing shows that there is a deep connection between genes and bipolar disorder because it continues down the line in families through genetics.
Environmental factors:
Usual trauma or childhood trauma may result in bipolar disorder, in which people won’t be able to bear the pain of the situation, and that situation negatively impacts the brain. The sudden change in certainty will lead them to intense mood swings, which will end their mental illness.
CONCLUSION:
Sudden changes in mood make people’s lives difficult in order to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder patients face episodes of manic episodes and depression. This mental illness changes the energy level, and this intense change makes people emotionally unstable, and the patient has to go through emotional turmoil. The goal of the treatment for these patients is to get fully treated, and they won’t face any kind of emotional or energy instability in their respective lives. Medications and psychotherapy work well in order to stabilize the mood. The severity of this mental illness can make people very unhealthy for society because this upheaval of emotions will not let him continue the love relationship in the proper way. All emotions are uncontrollable for him, for which he may find himself guilty but won’t be able to correct them unless the help of a health care professional is reached.
