Blood disorders

INTRODUCTION:

Blood is very essential for the body because it circulates in every organ and plays a vital role in giving oxygen to every cell. What if the blood has any kind of infection? As a whole, it will negatively impact every organ of the body. Blood-related disorders are life-threatening because they adversely affect the performance of every organ. Noncancerous blood diseases, in general, are ailments that impact your blood cells and platelets and create problems such as increasing your chances of getting a blood clot. A blood clotting disorder is Factor V Leiden, an inherited blood disorder. Because your blood does not form blood clots, you will bleed more than usual. A bleeding condition is an example of inherited haemophilia.

CAUSES:

Blood disorders decrease the content of the blood, which is the number of cells, proteins, platelets, or nutrients in the blood. This will impact their function. A low amount of protein and nutrients will create a blunder as a whole. The majority of the blood disorders are caused by gene mutations in specific genes, which then pass down the line to  other family members.

Blood disorder types:

 The following categories explain blood disorders that produce a decrease in blood components or interfere with their function:

• If the problem concerns red blood cells, Anemia

Anemia: Anaemia is a blood disorder in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood to perform the haemoglobin function.

The most common types are:

1. iron-deficiency anemias
2. pregnancy anemia 
3. vitamin-deficiency anemias
4. non-inherited hemolytic anemias
5. inherited hemolytic anemias 

• If the condition affects white blood cells, it is called leukopenia.

Leukopenia is characterised by a low white blood cell count. It does not necessarily create symptoms, but it can have catastrophic consequences. If you are at risk for leukopenia, your white blood cell count will be checked on a regular basis by your doctor.

• If the condition affects platelets, it is referred to as Thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia: In this disorder the count of platelets lower down than the normal range. This low count platelets will interfere the normal function of the platelets.

Blood diseases that cause an increase in blood components are classified as follows:

• If the condition affects red blood cells, it is referred to as Erythrocytosis.

Erythrocytosis: Erythrocytosis, also known as polycythemia, is characterized by a large quantity of red blood cells in the blood. This thickens the blood, making it less able to pass through blood arteries and organs

• If the illness affects white blood cells, it is called leukocytosis.

Leukocytosis: Leukocytosis is condition characterized by increased levels of leukocytes in the blood.

• If the condition affects platelets, it is referred to as thrombocythemia or Thrombocytosis.

Thrombocytosis: Thrombocytosis (throm-boe-sie-TOE-sis) is a condition in which your body creates an abnormally large number of platelets.

Blood Cancers:

Lymphoma:
In this cancerous disease, lymphocytes change and multiply very quickly. There are two types of lymphoma:
Hodgkin’s lymphoma: is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s germ-fighting immune system. In Hodgkin’s lymphoma, white blood cells called lymphocytes grow out of control, causing swollen lymph nodes and growths throughout the body.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: is a type of cancer that begins in your lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s germ-fighting immune system. In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, white blood cells called lymphocytes grow abnormally and can form growths (tumours) throughout the body.

Leukaemias:
Leukaemias is the disease of the white blood cells in which abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow interfere with the performance of the regular white blood cells. This can be acute or develop rapidly.

Myelomas:

Myelomas are caused by the accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which impedes the formation and function of other blood cells. various myeloma is the most frequent type of myeloma, in which abnormal plasma cells accumulate or form a tumour in various places in the bone or marrow.

Treatment:

A clinician typically uses the following tests to diagnose leukaemias, lymphomas, and myelomas:

• Medical examination and a thorough medical history
• Blood examinations
• Urine examinations
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap), in which clinicians extract spinal fluid for evaluation imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT or PET scans, MRI, and ultrasound

Blood cell tumours that may not yet create symptoms may not necessitate treatment beyond observation. Doctors typically treat persons with aggressive or active blood malignancies with a combination of:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery
• Targeted drug therapy, which are medications that help increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs or destroy elements of the cancer cells that chemotherapy drugs do not
• Stem cell transplants, which involve infusions containing bone marrow cells that are capable of forming blood cells to replenish destroyed cells

CONCLUSION:

The severity of the blood disorder is very important because we have a wide range of blood disorders, from blood infections to blood cancer. The components of the blood have a huge role in maintaining the whole body function, which means the slight fluctuations in their count can cause many diseases and blunder in body functions. Symptoms vary according to the disorder type, but the main symptoms are being unwell, fever, chills, exhaustion, and sudden weight loss.