Introduction
COVID-19 can range from mild to life-threatening. While many people recover at home with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medication, others may develop symptoms that require immediate medical attention. Knowing when to seek emergency care can save lives—especially for those at higher risk of complications.
This guide outlines the key warning signs of severe COVID-19 and provides guidance on what to do if emergency care is needed.
Understanding the Progression of COVID-19
COVID-19 symptoms typically appear 2 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. In most cases, people experience:
- Fever
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Loss of taste or smell
- Muscle aches
- Sore throat or congestion
For some individuals, symptoms gradually improve. However, others may experience a sudden worsening of symptoms, particularly between days 5–10 after symptom onset. This is when the body’s inflammatory response may cause complications like pneumonia or blood clots.
Emergency Warning Signs of Severe COVID-19
Seek emergency medical care immediately if you or someone you’re caring for develops any of the following symptoms:
1. Difficulty Breathing
- Struggling to breathe or shortness of breath at rest
- Unable to speak full sentences without gasping for air
- Use of chest muscles or ribs visibly moving with each breath
2. Persistent Chest Pain or Pressure
- A feeling of tightness or heaviness in the chest
- Pain that doesn’t go away with rest or medication
3. New Confusion or Inability to Stay Awake
- Disorientation, memory problems, or not responding normally
- Excessive drowsiness or difficulty waking up
4. Bluish Lips or Face
- Indicates dangerously low oxygen levels (cyanosis)
5. Low Oxygen Saturation
- If using a pulse oximeter: SpO₂ < 90%
- Even 91–94% may warrant evaluation in high-risk individuals
6. Severe Dehydration
- No urine output for more than 8 hours
- Dizziness, sunken eyes, dry mouth, or confusion
Additional Symptoms That May Need Urgent Evaluation
While not always emergencies, the following symptoms should prompt a call to your healthcare provider:
- High fever (above 103°F or 39.4°C) not responding to medication
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Severe headache with neck stiffness
- Seizures
- Swelling or pain in one leg (possible blood clot)
- Sudden vision changes
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
What to Do in an Emergency
If you or someone else is experiencing any emergency warning signs:
- Call 911 or your local emergency number
- Inform the dispatcher that the person has or may have COVID-19
- Wear a mask if you’re helping someone and maintain distance if possible
- Bring medical history and a list of medications to the hospital, if possible
Emergency responders are trained to handle COVID-19 cases safely—do not delay care due to fear of infection.
High-Risk Groups Who Should Be Extra Vigilant
Certain people are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 and should be monitored closely:
- Adults 65 years and older
- People with diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, or obesity
- Immunocompromised individuals
- Pregnant people
- Unvaccinated individuals with symptoms
If you fall into one of these categories, it’s critical to seek help sooner rather than later when symptoms worsen.
What About Children with COVID-19?
Most children experience mild symptoms, but some can develop MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children). Watch for:
- Persistent fever
- Abdominal pain
- Rash
- Bloodshot eyes
- Fatigue or confusion
Emergency care should be sought immediately if these symptoms appear.
Conclusion
COVID-19 symptoms can escalate quickly in some cases. While many recover without complications, it’s vital to watch for warning signs and seek emergency care when necessary.
Don’t wait for symptoms to become unbearable. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes—especially in high-risk individuals.
If you’re ever unsure whether symptoms are severe enough, it’s better to err on the side of caution and seek medical advice.
FAQs:
What’s a safe oxygen level at home?
A reading of 95% or higher is generally safe. Below 90% is a medical emergency.
Should I go to the ER if I just have a fever and cough?
Not necessarily. These are common symptoms. But if you have difficulty breathing or other emergency signs, go to the ER.
Is it safe to call 911 for COVID-19 symptoms?
Yes. EMS teams are trained to respond to COVID-19 safely and quickly.
What if I’m not sure it’s COVID-19?
You should still seek care if you have severe symptoms. Mention any possible exposure or recent illness to help with diagnosis.
Can mild symptoms suddenly become severe?
Yes. Some people feel better and then worsen suddenly around days 5 to 10. Stay alert and monitor symptoms closely.
