Introduction The stomach lining, sometimes referred to as the gastric mucosa, can become inflamed, irritated, or eroded as a result of the common gastrointestinal ailment known as gastritis. It can present as acute, with an abrupt start and often brief duration, or chronic, with persistent symptoms over an extended length of time. Infections such as the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria, protracted use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol intake, autoimmune reactions, stress, and bile reflux are only a few causes of gastroenteritis. Gastritis symptoms can range in severity and duration, but they frequently include abdominal pain or discomfort…
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Introduction Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain illness that transcends physical and psychological suffering. It reveals a world where pain interacts with cognitive blur, sleep problems, and emotional turmoil because millions of people throughout the world are affected. Beyond the pervasive soreness is the mysterious “fibro fog,” a mental mist that obstructs clear cognition. Sleep disturbances make the situation much more difficult, while melancholy and anxiety exacerbate the discomfort by undermining general wellbeing. This investigation digs into the complexity of fibromyalgia, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and management, with the goal of illuminating this murky terrain and providing insight and…
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INTRODUCTION: Seizures are short bursts of spontaneous movement that might affect either a portion of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized), and they can occasionally be followed by a loss of consciousness and control over bowel or bladder function. Around 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a chronic, noncommunicable brain condition Excessive electrical discharges in a cluster of brain cells cause seizure episodes. Such discharges can occur in many areas of the brain. The smallest muscular twitches or concentration lapses can be seizures, as can violent convulsions that last for a long time. The frequency of seizures…
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INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis, a complex and challenging medical condition, occurs when tissue resembling the endometrial lining grows outside the uterus. Although distinct from typical endometrial tissue, these abnormal growths share certain characteristics, leading to a range of health implications. While these growths can appear anywhere in the body, they often target the pelvic region, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterine support tissues. Surprisingly, they can also infiltrate unexpected areas like the digestive tract, lungs, and even around the heart. Typically, during menstrual periods, the body naturally eliminates this kind of tissue. In endometriosis, however, this tissue stays inside the body,…
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Introduction The Ebola virus, a powerful pathogen from the family Filoviridae, is well-known for being the pathogenic agent that causes Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The Ebola River, which is close to the outbreak’s beginning, inspired the name of the disease, which was first discovered in 1976 amid outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The fast and sometimes deadly course of EVD, which is characterized by symptoms including fever, muscular discomfort, vomiting, and bleeding, is what makes it distinctive. It is thought that this zoonotic virus spreads to people when they come into contact with infected animals,…
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Introduction The hereditary disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which predominantly affects the muscles and causes muscle weakness and eventually loss of muscle function, is severe and progressive. It is one of the most prevalent and disabling types of muscular dystrophy, generally detected in young boys. DMD is named for the 19th-century French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne, who initially identified the disorder. Mutations in the DMD gene, which is found on the X chromosome and encodes the protein dystrophin, which is crucial for the integrity of muscle cells, are the root cause of this genetic condition. Muscle fibers are more easily injured…
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INTRODUCTION: The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck and controlled by the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the human body; hence, if the range of thyroid hormones fluctuates, it will cause many diseases like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the level of thyroid decreases in the blood, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by a low metabolic state due to the low serum thyroid in the blood. Hypothyroidism is the most frequent clinical illness caused by thyroid hormone insufficiency and, if ignored, can result in major adverse health effects…
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Introduction: Diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. Diarrhea is having more than 4 stools per day that are watery. This case is due to bacteria, viruses, or parasites. This digestive disorder can also cause chronic diarrhea, which is life-threatening. Chronic diarrhea makes people dehydrated due to its high range of motion and frequency. If a person frequently passes stools but they are of normal consistency, this is not diarrhea. Similarly, breastfed babies often pass loose, sticky stools. This is normal. If a person has had loose stools for more than…
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Introduction: Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel illness that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Several reasons behind this, including a dysregulated immune system, altered microbiota, genetic vulnerability, and environmental factors, have been linked to the origin of Crohn’s disease. The cause of the disease remains unexplained. In most cases, the disease’s development at a young age demands immediate but long-term treatment to prevent disease flares and disease progression with intestinal consequences. Thus, early treatment with medicines or innovative small molecules could significantly alter the disease’s natural history, reducing complications and the need for hospitalization and surgery. Crohn’s disease…
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INTRODUCTION: The common flu or common cold is also known as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI). This is an acute, self-limited viral infection that doesn’t need any kind of solid medication. This can also involve a lower respiratory tract infection. The symptoms may consist of nasal congestion and a sore throat. Colds are the most prevalent cause of human disease and account for a large amount of absenteeism from school and work. Children are especially vulnerable since they have not yet developed protection against many of the viruses, they practice poor personal hygiene, and they have frequent intimate contact…