Introduction Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anticoagulants are two commonly prescribed medication classes used to manage pain, inflammation, and prevent or treat blood clots. While both are effective within their therapeutic areas, their concurrent use poses significant clinical risks—particularly an increased risk of bleeding. Understanding the pharmacological interactions and implementing vigilant management strategies is critical to safeguarding patient health. Mechanism of Interaction The mechanism by which NSAIDs and anticoagulants interact is primarily pharmacodynamic in nature. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac, inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—especially COX-1—which reduces the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 is vital for…