Introduction Kidney stones can cause severe pain and discomfort, and while some small stones pass naturally, others require medical intervention. Fortunately, advances in medical technology have led to effective non-surgical or minimally invasive treatments that avoid the need for open surgery. Two of the most common and successful options are Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Ureteroscopy (URS). This article will explain how these treatments work, when they are recommended, their benefits, risks, and what patients can expect during recovery. What is ESWL? Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive procedure that uses focused shock waves to break kidney…