Introduction: A chromosome (trisomy 21) that is present in its entirety or in part results in the genetic condition known as Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The majority of patients have mild to severe intellectual disability, growth retardation, and distinctive facial traits when they first present. Down syndrome can influence a person’s mental capacity and physical development, lead to a variety of developmental differences, and increase their chance of developing certain health issues. Most people with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. A number of screenings can be used by medical experts to identify Down syndrome. The three…
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INtroduction Diphtheria is a bacterial illness that has traditionally been a major public health concern, producing severe respiratory and systemic consequences. This extremely infectious disease, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, predominantly affects the respiratory tract and can result in the production of a thick grayish-white membrane in the throat, restricting breathing and swallowing. Diphtheria has been the target of extensive medical research and public health initiatives, which have resulted in the development of effective vaccinations that have significantly decreased its prevalence and impact in many areas of the world. Diphtheria’s history is linked with the evolution of vaccination methods. Diphtheria was…
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Introduction: The genetic condition cystic fibrosis (CF) affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. This disorder has no cure, which means that people with a history of this disorder must take care of their loved ones. In this disorder, the body creates thick, viscous mucus that can cause organ damage or obstruction. CF occurs when the protein that makes mucus fails to function normally. This is the source of the mucous. Treatments can assist in managing the illness, relieving symptoms, and lowering the risk of consequences. This increases life expectancy and quality of life. CF is a hereditary disease…
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INTRODUCTION: The common flu or common cold is also known as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI). This is an acute, self-limited viral infection that doesn’t need any kind of solid medication. This can also involve a lower respiratory tract infection. The symptoms may consist of nasal congestion and a sore throat. Colds are the most prevalent cause of human disease and account for a large amount of absenteeism from school and work. Children are especially vulnerable since they have not yet developed protection against many of the viruses, they practice poor personal hygiene, and they have frequent intimate contact…
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INTRODUCTION: Millions of people throughout the world are afflicted by the common and progressive respiratory disease known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It includes a group of lung conditions that generally impair airflow and make it challenging for people to breathe. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which frequently coexist and have similar risk factors, most notably cigarette smoking and exposure to toxins in the environment, define COPD. Over time, this crippling condition gets progressively worse, having a major effect on the affected person’s quality of life and ability to carry out daily tasks. COPD usually takes time to develop, with…
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INTRODUCTION: Loose stools and frequent defecation seem normal at first, but what if you need to defecate more than seven times in two hours? What would be your reaction to these unbearable symptoms of loose stool along with abdominal pain? Cholera is acute diarrhea that can be serious and land you in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). This is caused by the comma-shaped, facultative, anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria named Vibrato cholera. This is a waterborne disease with a high transmissible rate, which means it will transmit from contaminated food and water. The incubation period of cholera is 1–4 days, after which…
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INTRODUCTION: Celiac disease, also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune illness in which the protein gluten causes damage to the small intestine and makes it difficult for the body to absorb critical nutrients. Gluten is a binding protein derived from grains such as wheat, rye, and barley; it is found in a wide range of products. Gluten acts as a toxin in celiac disease because the body is unable to digest it, and people with this disease show allergic symptoms as a defensive mechanism. While the gluten-free diet has risen in popularity in recent years, for some people with…
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INTRODUCTION: Mammals have breasts, so it is important to feed their young. Breast cancer is a type of cancer in which there is abnormal cancerous cell growth in the area of the breast that is uncontrollable and forms a tumor. If left untreated, this tumor can spread throughout the body. Breast cancer cells develop in the milk ducts and/or the lobules of the breast that produce milk. The initial form (in situ) is not dangerous. Cancer cells can invade adjacent breast tissue and spread. This results in tumors, which cause lumps or thickening. Symptoms: Breast cancer symptoms can be…
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Introduction: Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, are a common condition that affects many individuals during specific times of the year. As the seasons change, airborne allergens such as pollen, mold spores, and grass can trigger a range of uncomfortable symptoms. These symptoms may include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy and watery eyes, and even fatigue. For those who suffer from seasonal allergies, these symptoms can significantly impact their quality of life, making it essential to find effective ways to manage and alleviate them. Understanding Seasonal Allergies: To effectively cope with seasonal allergies, it is…
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Introduction: You are the steward of your own well-being. Understanding allergies and sensitivities is the first step in taking charge of your health. As Hippocrates wisely said, “Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food.” The prevalence of allergies and sensitivities is on the rise, affecting millions of people worldwide. From seasonal pollen allergies to food sensitivities, these immune system responses can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. The key to managing allergies and sensitivities lies in identifying triggers and implementing effective management strategies. Understanding Allergies vs. Sensitivities: “Allergies and sensitivities are distinct responses of the immune…