Introduction Cancer treatment has evolved tremendously over the years, offering various options tailored to the type, stage, and characteristics of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. The primary treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and the more recent addition of immunotherapy. Each treatment has unique mechanisms, benefits, potential side effects, and roles in cancer care. This article provides an in-depth overview of these common cancer treatments, how they work, when they are used, and considerations for patients. 1. Surgery What is Cancer Surgery? Surgery involves the physical removal of cancerous tissue from the body. It is…