Overview of Lung Transplantation Lung transplantation involves replacing one or both diseased lungs with healthy lungs from a deceased donor. The first successful lung transplant was performed in 1983, marking a significant milestone in thoracic surgery. Lung transplantation is primarily indicated for patients with conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Over the years, lung transplantation has become more refined, with better patient selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, and enhanced postoperative care. However, it remains a complex procedure fraught with challenges, including organ rejection, infection, and the…