Introduction: Neonatal anemia is a condition in which a newborn has a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. This condition can be transient or persistent, depending on its underlying cause. Anemia in newborns is a significant clinical concern because it can impact growth, development, and overall health.   Causes of Neonatal Anemia Physiological Anemia Physiological anemia is a natural decrease in hemoglobin levels that occurs in all newborns, typically peaking around 6-8 weeks of age. This decline results from the transition from fetal to adult hemoglobin and the rapid growth…