Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, transmural inflammatory condition affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract, causing "skip lesions" and increased risk of malignancy in genetically predisposed individuals. It's also known as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach due to high healthcare costs.
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INTRODUCTION: The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck and controlled by the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the human body; hence, if the range of thyroid hormones fluctuates, it will cause many diseases like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In hyperthyroidism, the level of thyroid increases in the blood, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by a high metabolic state due to the high serum thyroid in the blood. Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland generates an excessive amount of specific hormones. Diarrhoea, trouble breathing, and…
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Introduction: A genetic condition known as Huntington’s disease (HD) causes the neurons in some areas of the brain to slowly degenerate and die. Huntington’s disease (HD), a brain disorder that affects the entire body and is caused by a dominantly inherited amplification of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the Huntington’s gene on chromosome The illness targets different parts of the brain, including those involved in the regulation of voluntary (intentional) movement. Individuals with Huntington’s disease (HD) experience strange body postures, involuntary dance-like movements (chorea), and behavioural, emotional, cognitive, and personality issues. People with a history of this disease are more…
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Introduction: Herpes is a viral infection that causes sores and blisters in the mouth and genitals. This disease is transmitted from one person to another through the physical contact of moist areas, which includes sexual activity. A person with the herpes virus can transmit it to a non-infected person through physical contact (sex). Along with blisters and sores, people develop some other symptoms that make the situation worse. These include pain, swollen lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, and emotional instability. There is no cure for this disease, but the right treatment will help eradicate the symptoms and decrease the risk of…
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Introduction: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by infectious viruses. This leads to a range of health problems, some of which can be fatal. There are many stages of hepatitis. The earlier it is diagnosed, the earlier it will be treated. If hepatitis is not treated promptly, it might result in death or severe long-term consequences. The hepatitis virus comes in five primary strains, which are called types A, B, C, D, and E. Even though they are all liver disease causes, there are some significant differences between them, such as the ways in which the…
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Introduction The term “gastrointestinal disorders,” or “GI disorders,” refers to a broad range of medical conditions affecting the digestive system, which is a complex system made up of organs like the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, all of which work together to process food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and unintended weight loss are just a few of the symptoms that these disorders frequently present with. They may have a significant negative effect on a person’s everyday life and general health. In order to lessen the effects of…
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Introduction: Health care workers often forbid people from having multiple sex partners because they can transmit sexual diseases that affect sensitive parts of the body. A typical sexually transmitted infection (STI) is gonorrhea. Although there may be no symptoms, early symptoms include pain when urinating and a white, green, or yellow discharge. When a person receives an early diagnosis, treatment is necessary and typically successful. Gonorrhea is typically simple to treat, but any delays can have serious, occasionally long-lasting effects. For instance, gonorrhea can harm the uterus or fallopian tubes, which can lead to the onset of pelvic inflammatory disease…
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Introduction In today’s fast-paced and demanding society, it’s not uncommon for worry to pop up from time to time. However, for other people, anxiety becomes a permanent and overwhelming presence known as Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). GAD is more than simply the momentary anxieties that everyone has; it is a complicated and chronic disorder that affects thoughts, emotions, and everyday functioning. This essay goes into the complex world of GAD, providing insight into its nature, effects, and the road to coping with this complicated mental health condition. GAD is more than simply being worried before a major occasion or having…
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Introduction: Cholelithiasis, also known as gallstones, is a disorder in which the gallbladder generates bile, bilirubin, and cholesterol stones. Most of the time, these stones have no symptoms and are discovered by chance. In symptomatic patients, right upper abdomen discomfort, nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastrium radiating to the right scapula or mid-back, risk factors for gallstone development, racial distribution, presenting symptoms, consequences, and treatment are all present. Gallstones are a worldwide disease; however, they are more common in Native Americans and Hispanics in North America and less common in Asian and African populations. Gallbladder sludge is thought to be…
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Introduction: Gastroenteritis is an acute infectious condition affecting the stomach and intestines. Its symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Other signs and symptoms include nausea, fever, and chills. The severity of gastroenteritis ranges from a brief bout of diarrhea to severe dehydration. This is sometimes referred to as an infectious syndrome. Gastroenteritis can be caused by a variety of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Microorganisms cause gastroenteritis by secreting toxins that cause excessive water and electrolyte loss, resulting in watery diarrhea, or by directly invading the gut walls, causing inflammation that disrupts the balance between nutrient absorption and waste secretion.…