INTRODUCTION: Influenza is a contagious viral illness that affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It is caused by a wide variety of influenza viruses. Some of these viruses can infect humans, while others are species-specific. These viruses spread via respiratory droplets released from the mouth and respiratory system during coughing, talking, or sneezing. Touching inanimate things polluted with the virus and touching the nose or eye might spread the influenza virus. Influenza can be transferred before symptoms appear and up to 5 to 7 days following infection. Most healthy people recover completely within a few days of infection,…
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Introduction Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain illness that transcends physical and psychological suffering. It reveals a world where pain interacts with cognitive blur, sleep problems, and emotional turmoil because millions of people throughout the world are affected. Beyond the pervasive soreness is the mysterious “fibro fog,” a mental mist that obstructs clear cognition. Sleep disturbances make the situation much more difficult, while melancholy and anxiety exacerbate the discomfort by undermining general wellbeing. This investigation digs into the complexity of fibromyalgia, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and management, with the goal of illuminating this murky terrain and providing insight and…
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INTRODUCTION: Seizures are short bursts of spontaneous movement that might affect either a portion of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized), and they can occasionally be followed by a loss of consciousness and control over bowel or bladder function. Around 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a chronic, noncommunicable brain condition Excessive electrical discharges in a cluster of brain cells cause seizure episodes. Such discharges can occur in many areas of the brain. The smallest muscular twitches or concentration lapses can be seizures, as can violent convulsions that last for a long time. The frequency of seizures…
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INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis, a complex and challenging medical condition, occurs when tissue resembling the endometrial lining grows outside the uterus. Although distinct from typical endometrial tissue, these abnormal growths share certain characteristics, leading to a range of health implications. While these growths can appear anywhere in the body, they often target the pelvic region, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterine support tissues. Surprisingly, they can also infiltrate unexpected areas like the digestive tract, lungs, and even around the heart. Typically, during menstrual periods, the body naturally eliminates this kind of tissue. In endometriosis, however, this tissue stays inside the body,…
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Introduction The Ebola virus, a powerful pathogen from the family Filoviridae, is well-known for being the pathogenic agent that causes Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The Ebola River, which is close to the outbreak’s beginning, inspired the name of the disease, which was first discovered in 1976 amid outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The fast and sometimes deadly course of EVD, which is characterized by symptoms including fever, muscular discomfort, vomiting, and bleeding, is what makes it distinctive. It is thought that this zoonotic virus spreads to people when they come into contact with infected animals,…
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INTRODUCTION Eczema, commonly referred to as “atopic dermatitis,” is an inflammatory skin disease that is not communicable and is characterized by intense itching, redness, oozing, and scaly rashes. These symptoms may be uncomfortable, and they may also result in skin color changes and blisters. Eczema is caused by allergies in certain people. Eczema fluctuates throughout time. It causes very sensitive and dry skin, and it can be exacerbated by being exposed to allergens like dust mites or pet dander. Cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and lotions with strong smells are additional popular triggers. Eczema can also get inflamed when exposed to cleaning…
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Introduction The hereditary disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which predominantly affects the muscles and causes muscle weakness and eventually loss of muscle function, is severe and progressive. It is one of the most prevalent and disabling types of muscular dystrophy, generally detected in young boys. DMD is named for the 19th-century French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne, who initially identified the disorder. Mutations in the DMD gene, which is found on the X chromosome and encodes the protein dystrophin, which is crucial for the integrity of muscle cells, are the root cause of this genetic condition. Muscle fibers are more easily injured…
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Introduction: A chromosome (trisomy 21) that is present in its entirety or in part results in the genetic condition known as Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The majority of patients have mild to severe intellectual disability, growth retardation, and distinctive facial traits when they first present. Down syndrome can influence a person’s mental capacity and physical development, lead to a variety of developmental differences, and increase their chance of developing certain health issues. Most people with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. A number of screenings can be used by medical experts to identify Down syndrome. The three…
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INTRODUCTION: The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck and controlled by the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the human body; hence, if the range of thyroid hormones fluctuates, it will cause many diseases like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the level of thyroid decreases in the blood, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by a low metabolic state due to the low serum thyroid in the blood. Hypothyroidism is the most frequent clinical illness caused by thyroid hormone insufficiency and, if ignored, can result in major adverse health effects…
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INtroduction Diphtheria is a bacterial illness that has traditionally been a major public health concern, producing severe respiratory and systemic consequences. This extremely infectious disease, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, predominantly affects the respiratory tract and can result in the production of a thick grayish-white membrane in the throat, restricting breathing and swallowing. Diphtheria has been the target of extensive medical research and public health initiatives, which have resulted in the development of effective vaccinations that have significantly decreased its prevalence and impact in many areas of the world. Diphtheria’s history is linked with the evolution of vaccination methods. Diphtheria was…